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雅思阅读长句破解五步法:
第一步:
找到主干(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语)
先忽略修饰,找出句子的骨架,理解“谁干了什么”。
例句:
The changes introduced by the committee to improve safety in the factories have been welcomed by workers.
主干是:
→ The changes(主语)
→ have been welcomed(谓语)
其余都是定语修饰成分。
第二步:
划分结构块(介词短语、定语从句、插入语)
用逗号、连接词(that, which, although 等)、介词(in, by, to)等来断开句子结构,帮助你读懂每一部分。
继续上面例句:
The changes / introduced by the committee / to improve safety in the factories
“introduced by…” 是过去分词短语,修饰 changes
“to improve…” 是不定式短语,表示目的
第三步:
理清从句类型(定语、宾语、状语、同位语)
定语从句 → 修饰名词(which, that, who…)
宾语从句 → 充当动词宾语(that…)
状语从句 → 表示时间、原因、让步等(when, because, although…)
同位语从句 → 补充说明名词(the fact that…)
例句:
The fact that the Earth is round was once controversial.
这是同位语从句,说明“the fact”的内容。
第四步:
理清逻辑关系(因果、对比、转折、让步)
掌握常见逻辑连接词,能迅速抓住句子重点,判断作者态度。
关系 | 常见词汇 |
因果 | because, due to, since, so |
对比 | while, whereas, in contrast |
让步 | although, though, even if |
转折 | however, but, yet |
举例 | for example, such as |
第五步:
翻译+压缩成自己的“简化句”
把复杂结构翻译成简单明了的“自己能懂”的句子,不求逐词翻译,抓住意思就好。
实战演练
原句(剑桥真题例句):
The ability of a species to adapt to changing environmental conditions is a key factor that determines whether it will survive or become extinct.
步骤分析:
找主干:
→ The ability … is a key factor
(主语是“能力”,谓语是“是”)
找修饰:
→ of a species(修饰 ability)
→ to adapt to changing environmental conditions(不定式修饰 ability)
→ that determines…(定语从句,修饰 factor)
→ whether…(宾语从句)
逻辑关系:这是个解释+条件句
→ 什么因素决定生存或灭绝:能否适应环境变化
简化理解:
→ 一个物种能否生存,取决于它适应环境变化的能力。